1 basic requirements for factory lighting The industrial plant is a heavy production area. Due to its high structure, high suspension of lighting, large lighting space, and a large number of lamps, the basic requirements of its lighting are determined: a. Due to the particularity of the identified object. Therefore, the lighting method should be reasonable. The quality of the lighting should be high, including high color rendering index and high luminous efficiency; uniform illumination distribution and small glare. At the same time, the lighting mode is reasonably selected to make the lighting design economical and applicable, and can meet the lighting needs of various occasions. b. Select electric light source and lighting fixture with long service life, safe and reliable, simple and convenient maintenance; light source varieties should be as few as possible to reduce maintenance workload and save operating costs; lighting fixtures should be reasonably arranged to effectively play the role of lamps . c. Choose a reasonable lighting distribution network design. Ensure the normal operation of various light sources. At the same time, it provides the necessary power supply guarantee to meet the voltage quality requirements of the electric light source; choose a reasonable and convenient control method to facilitate the management and maintenance of the lighting system. 2 energy-saving design of factory lighting At present, the lighting energy-saving evaluation index is measured by the illumination power density (LPD). The actual calculated lighting power density value should meet the requirements of the Architectural Lighting Design Standard (GB50034-2004). The energy-saving ways mainly include: First, vigorously adopt high-efficiency energy-saving electric light source and its lighting electrical accessories; second, select high-efficiency, reasonable light distribution lighting; third, scientific and reasonable lighting energy-saving design; fourth, good daily maintenance management. 21 Adopt high-efficiency energy-saving electric light source and its lighting electrical accessories 211 electric light source There are many types of electric light sources and different uses, but all require three high, high luminous efficiency, high life and high color rendering. The technical characteristics of the main light source are shown in 1. It can be seen from 1 that, according to the data of luminous efficiency, the high-intensity gas discharge lamp is the highest, and the ordinary incandescent lamp and the tungsten halogen lamp are relatively low. In factory lighting, high-intensity gas discharge lamps (high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps) should be preferred, especially metal halide lamps, which are the third generation of light source, which are required for light color and color rendering index. The preferred light source for industrial plants such as instrument assembly workshops, machine shop, and engine room operation layer. When a light source cannot meet the requirements of color temperature or color rendering, a mixed light source of two light sources can be used. The mixed light source can fully utilize the advantages of a high-intensity gas discharge lamp to save energy, improve illumination, and improve light color. Lighting effect. 1 luminous efficiency and other parameters of several light sources 212 lighting electrical accessories Promote the use of low-loss, high-performance light source electronic accessories (including electronic ballasts, electronic transformers, electronic triggers, etc.). The gas discharge light source has a low power factor, and single-lamp capacitor compensation should be implemented to increase the power factor to above 0185. The ballasts used in fluorescent lamps need to consume a part of the energy. There are two main types of ballasts: Inductive ballasts and electronic ballasts. 2 performance comparison of various types of fluorescent lamp inserters Figure 2 shows a comparison of the performance parameters of various types of fluorescent lamp ballasts. It can be seen from the table that the electronic ballast has more obvious efficiency and less energy consumption than the magnetic ballast. Although there are shortcomings of short service life and low economy, it is related to power electronics. The development of technology and the widespread promotion of electronic ballasts are the general trend. 22 select high-efficiency, light-distributing lighting fixtures The key indicator for evaluating lamps is the efficiency of the lamps. The efficiency of the lamps and the distribution curve depend on the material, processing accuracy and shape of the reflector surface. The spectral reflectance of the reflective material shown in the figure below. It can be seen that polished aluminum has the highest reflectivity for visible light and should be preferred in factory lighting design. Lamp appearance requirements: First, the light distribution curve is moderate. Generally, a wide-mouth lamp between deep and wide is most suitable. Secondly, the shape of the lamp should not be a single parabolic reflection type, because most of the light energy will be emitted back to the bulb, causing voltage rise and power increase. , shorten the life of the lamp. In the factory lighting design, the choice of lamps should be based on the method of use and the environment, in the glare and light distribution requirements. Choose high-efficiency, easy to install and maintain lamps. At the same time, it should also achieve the purpose of coordination with the building. 1 spectral reflectance of reflective materials 23 scientific energy-saving lighting design 231 reasonable setting of illuminance value According to the "Architectural Lighting Design Standards", according to the requirements of visual work in each workplace, the illuminance standard value (ie, the average illuminance value) of each place is determined. In the actual design, the design illuminance value and the standard value are allowed to be ±10%. deviation. Of course, the selected illuminance value should take into account the feeling of people working in this environment, to ensure a certain degree of visual satisfaction, the range of 500 L × ~ 1 000 Lx is the appropriate illuminance of most continuous working indoor workplaces. In industrial plants. The distribution of illuminance should be reasonably uniform. Under normal circumstances. The ratio of the minimum illuminance to the average illuminance in the work area should not be less than 018. The ratio of the illuminance between the working area and the non-working area should not be greater than 3:1. 232 adopts reasonable and comprehensive lighting The place where the light source is used should be carefully investigated, and the uniform lighting method cannot be pursued blindly. Under the circumstances of fully understanding the process layout of the site being photographed and the different requirements of the various parts of the plant space. On the one hand, comprehensive lighting and general illumination are used. General lighting only meets the most basic illuminance requirements. Local lighting should be set up in places with special requirements (such as factory inspection, scribing, bench bench and machine tool lighting), which can save energy and achieve high illumination. Requirements, but also avoid the disadvantages of visual function due to uneven brightness distribution; on the other hand, make full use of natural light, choose natural lighting correctly, in the construction plant, if possible, the window should be configured to maximize the amount of sunlight. From more than one point, not from a point into the factory, without strong glare, it is best to inject sunlight from both sides, so that the light is even. From the perspective of illumination, the position of the worker in space relative to the distribution of sunlight should also be considered to avoid any uncomfortable and unfavorable working glare. This will not only improve the working environment. Make people feel comfortable. It is also good for health. at the same time. Making full use of the reflectivity of the indoor light-receiving surface can effectively improve the light utilization rate. For example, the reflection coefficient of the white wall surface can reach 70% to 80%, and it can also play a very good role in saving electric energy. 233 uses reasonable lighting control In the lighting design of the factory, in addition to the use of energy-efficient light sources and lighting fixtures, in terms of lighting control. In the plant area, the lighting partition should be implemented or multi-switch control should be carried out under the necessary conditions. The number of lights controlled by each switch should be less. For example, the switch can control 4 to 6 bulbs per switch. The type of control switch can be general as needed, and can be non-resistive dimming. It can also be time-controlled, etc. For road lighting in outdoor factories, automatic control and midnight light control should be implemented. At present, the lighting system power saver that is vigorously promoted is automatically adjusted without special maintenance. Effectively reduce the loss of active power, reduce reactive power, save energy and save manpower. 234 reasonable power supply and line selection The loss of the lighting circuit accounts for about the input power, and the main factors affecting the line loss are the power supply mode and the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire. Most of the lighting voltage is 220V, and the power supply modes include single-phase two-wire system, two-phase three-wire system and three-phase four-wire system. Figure 3 shows the result of the line loss comparison under different power supply modes (set the single-phase two-wire loss to 100%). 3 Line consumption under different power supply modes (%) Power supply loss (%) Single-phase two-wire system 100 two-phase three-wire system 56 three-phase four-wire system 28 is known from the table. Three-phase four-wire mode power supply is much smaller than other methods, so the lighting system should be powered by three-phase four-wire system. The selected line should not only consider the requirements of the current carrying capacity and mechanical strength, but also from the economic point of view, the current density of the lighting line should be much smaller than the economic current density. 24 good maintenance management Lighting maintenance means that the illuminance value of the illuminating equipment will decrease after a period of use, and it is necessary to clean the luminaire and replace the light source. In the initial design, the initial illuminance value is slightly higher than the design illuminance value, due to the attenuation of the light source, the contamination of the light source, the staining of the lighting fixture, the deterioration of the optical characteristics, and the staining of the main reflective surface in the room during use. Lighting efficiency is greatly reduced. Increase power consumption at the same time. Can not meet the requirements of the site control. Therefore, it should: 1 Regularly clean the lighting fixtures and replace the light source according to the normal maintenance procedures; 2 Regularly check the lampshade of the lighting fixtures. If it ages or discolors, it should be replaced in time to improve the light transmission efficiency; 3 Replace the old-fashioned lamps with new lamps that are easy to maintain and clean. Or damaged fixtures. Of course, it is also possible to separately meter and measure electricity in different areas, which can effectively save energy. Carry out good routine maintenance management while saving energy. It also guarantees the lighting quality requirements of the design site. Factory electrical lighting is a comprehensive discipline. Designers should fully consider the economic, energy-saving and rational requirements under the premise of fully understanding the structural structure of the building and the requirements of the production process. Economically, you should not only focus on the initial investment, but should consider the annual total lighting costs (the sum of equipment depreciation, management and lighting). Under the same illumination condition, the most energy-saving lighting source and luminaire should be preferred. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the maintenance management from the aspects of lighting design, control, and utilization of natural light, in order to obtain good dual benefits of lighting and energy saving, and not only save trouble and save effort. . A large number of previous design drawings are used, and new energy-saving products and technologies should be continuously researched and applied, and finally a qualified lighting design drawing can be handed over. Opgw Cable,Opgw Fiber Cable,Optical Fiber Cable Fittings,Spare Cable Coiling Shandong Qingguo Optical Fiber Co., Ltd. , https://www.qgfiber.com