1 meaning of green lighting 1 1 Overview In 1991, the US Environmental Protection Agency first proposed the concept of green lighting, and began to implement it, and soon received responses from many countries in the world. China's green lighting project is under the responsibility of the former State Economic and Trade Commission, and together with the former State Planning Commission, the former Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Construction and other 13 departments, jointly organized and implemented demonstration projects during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. In 1996, the former State Economic and Trade Commission formulated and issued the implementation plan for China's green lighting project, and launched the project in an all-round way. It has achieved obvious social and economic benefits in five years. In the 21st century, on the basis of summarizing the implementation experience and learning from successful methods abroad, in order to further promote lighting energy conservation and improve energy efficiency, the former State Economic and Trade Commission and the United Nations Development Program (UND IP) jointly developed the China Green Lighting Project Promotion Project. It was implemented throughout the fifteenth period. At the same time, a series of plans including the formulation of energy efficiency standards for products, the development of energy efficiency standards for architectural lighting design, the organization of technical exchanges, the development of green lighting education and training, etc., are being developed and are being gradually implemented. 1 2 The purpose and main objectives of green lighting The purpose of the green lighting project is to actively use high-efficiency lighting sources, lamps and electrical accessories through scientific and reasonable design methods to save energy, protect the environment, establish high quality, high efficiency, economic comfort, safety and reliability, and improve people's quality of life and work. A lighting environment that is efficient and protects the body. The main goal is to improve the quality of high-efficiency lighting products, increase their production capacity, raise public awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, promote lighting energy conservation, and achieve the goal of 10% energy saving by 2010. 1 3 the connotation of green lighting 1 3 1 Understand the green lighting from the height of the protected environment. In the green lighting concept, in addition to the central issue of lighting energy conservation, reducing environmental pollution caused by harmful gas emissions is also an important task. Focus on research related production technology, reduce the harmful quality of lamps (such as mercury, phosphors, etc.) and reduce the amount of consumables for lamps and electrical accessories, and establish a recycling system for lamps, which will play a vital role in protecting the environment. . 1 3 2 Implement energy conservation under conditions that improve lighting quality. Green lighting is not simply energy saving, but energy saving based on high-quality and efficient lighting environment. This is consistent with the current goal of building a well-off society in China. Regardless of the quality of lighting, reducing lighting standards, one-sided pursuit of energy-saving practices is unscientific. Implementing energy conservation under conditions that improve lighting quality is the basic connotation of green lighting. 1 3 3 Green lighting is not just about promoting some kind of energy-saving light source. Studying the production and promotion of high-quality and efficient lighting equipment is an important factor in the implementation of green lighting, and the light source is the first element. However, there are many types of high-efficiency light sources, such as straight tube fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, and high-intensity discharge lamps. Their characteristics are different, and the application places are different. They should be selected according to different environments. In addition to the light source, the lamps and the light source are matched. Electrical accessories (ballasts, etc.) play an important role in improving the efficiency of lighting systems and the quality of lighting. 1 3 4 Emphasis on lighting engineering design and operation and maintenance management. High-quality and efficient lighting equipment is an important material basis, but lighting engineering design should be equally important. It is the key to formulating the overall plan and managing the overall situation. For a good design, it is necessary to determine a reasonable illumination, a suitable illumination method, a suitable light source, a lamp, etc., thereby not only ensuring the quality of the illumination, but also achieving the effect of energy saving. If the design is not good, high-quality lighting equipment can not play the most effective role, and it can not implement green lighting well. In addition, in operation and use, there must be scientific and reasonable maintenance and management to achieve the expected goals of the design. 2 The status quo and development trend of home lighting in China 2 1 Status Lighting power consumption accounts for a large proportion of the total power generation in each country. China's lighting power consumption accounts for 10% of the country's total power generation. 12%. For example, in 2001 China's total power generation was 143,332 million kw / h, lighting The power consumption is 1433 25 1719 billion kw / h. At present, China's electric power production is mainly based on thermal power generation. The use of coal combustion requires a large amount of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc., and the dust generated by the coal burning process is also polluted. surroundings. If the national fluorescent lamps are replaced with energy-saving lamps, take 8w high-quality energy-saving lamps as an example to calculate the account, the price is 20 yuan, the product life is at least 5000h, the electricity cost per kilowatt is 0 60 yuan, use 5000h The electricity cost and the cost of purchasing the lamp are 44 yuan; the price of the 40w incandescent lamp with the same lighting effect is 2 yuan, the product life is 1000h, the same electricity price and the electricity cost of using 5000h and the total cost of buying the lamp is 120 yuan. . More than 300 million households in China use 4 energy-saving lamps for each household. The annual cost savings for green lighting can reach as high as 20 billion yuan. Moreover, the amount of mercury injected into the lamp of the green lighting product is less than 36 mg, which is much lower than the mercury content of the ordinary lamp. It can be seen that green lighting can not only reduce the pollution caused by the production of electrical energy, but also save energy. Therefore, the use of science and technology to achieve energy-saving lighting has become an important task, but also a long-term national policy that China must adhere to. 2 2 Guidelines for reasonable home lighting With the improvement of residential standards in recent years, the domestic decoration heat is rising day by day, and all kinds of lamps have emerged. Most of the households will purchase beautiful and colorful, and at the same time they can be integrated with interior decoration and furnishings. Luminaires, but often overlook the lamps that save energy, protect vision, and improve physical and mental comfort. This is because most of the users are not professionals and do not know the relevant knowledge. In addition, the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection is not deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Therefore, the government should increase its propaganda in this regard. According to the data, in recent years, nearly 100 million lamps have entered the towns and rural houses every year, and they are growing year by year. Therefore, reasonable home lighting has become a non-negligible component of the entire lighting technology. The general guideline for reasonable home lighting should be the use of indirect light sources and warm light, continuing the natural light at dusk to achieve the best illumination, rather than the brighter the better. This kind of lighting effect makes people feel comfortable, the lighting quality is improved, and it also reflects the profound connotation of green lighting. 3 Green lighting implementation in home lighting technology 3 1 building lighting Natural lighting technology in architectural optics is a major issue in lighting technology. Natural light not only can achieve high visual effects, but also meet the human psychological and life comfort requirements, thus achieving the purpose of protecting human health. Therefore, lighting energy conservation should start with the most scientific and reasonable application of natural light, and maximize the use of this natural energy. Take the building window as an example. It has various functions such as lighting, ventilation, noise prevention, and prevention (dust, fire, and anti-theft). Among them, the lighting efficiency of the window is the most concerned. Most of Tibet has sufficient sunshine and long sunshine hours. Therefore, it is necessary to make full use of this resource in residential design. Rational use of natural light resources to improve building lighting is the first step in energy saving for home lighting. 3 2 Reasonable selection of lighting fixtures When selecting lamps, in addition to considering the ambient light distribution and limiting glare requirements, the efficiency of the lamps should also be considered, and high-efficiency lamps should be selected. In some special occasions, mixed light should be used, which will achieve high luminous efficiency, low power consumption, realistic color, coordination, and visual comfort. The scientific selection of electric light source is the key to lighting power saving. At present, the luminous efficiency, life and color rendering performance of domestically produced electric light sources are constantly improving. Energy-saving electric light sources are constantly emerging, and the luminous efficiency of thermal radiation electric light sources (such as incandescent lamps, tungsten halogen lamps, etc.) and gas discharge sources (such as mercury lamps, sodium lamps, nitrogen lamps, metal halide lamps, etc.) have large differences in gas discharge. The light source is much higher than the thermal radiation source. Therefore, the gas discharge light source should be gradually replaced by the heat radiation electric light source, and the gas discharge light source with high luminous efficiency should be selected as much as possible. Fluorescent lamps are 70% more energy efficient than incandescent lamps and are suitable for indoor lighting in offices, dormitories and workshops with a ceiling height of less than 5 m. Compact fluorescent lamps are 5% more efficient than ordinary fluorescent lamps, and thin tube fluorescent lamps are 10% more energy efficient than ordinary fluorescent lamps. Therefore, compact and thin tube fluorescent lamps are energy efficient electric light sources introduced in today's green lighting engineering implementations. However, in home lighting, the energy-saving effect of fluorescent lamps is very good, but its light is very strong, and it is not very suitable for the family environment. Especially in places such as bathrooms where the area is small, the opening and closing is frequent, and the lighting requirements are low, it is more appropriate to use incandescent lamps. Double-spiral filament incandescent lamps have a 10% increase in flux compared to single-silver filaments, which can be preferred as needed. 3 3Select illuminance and lighting Each room in a family home should have different illuminances and lighting modes depending on the function. For example, the living room lighting design should have more layers to highlight different atmospheres. General lighting, illumination should be controlled at around 150Lx, the main light can be dimmed to create a bright or warm atmosphere with light and dark. Partial lighting design, such as the sofa seat should have about 400Lx light for casual reading, etc.; the place where the phone is placed should also have an illumination of about 400Lx; the living room should have an illumination of about 600Lx in the area of ​​key accessories such as crafts; In general, it takes about 300Lx. 3 4 Reasonable design of lighting distribution system The loss of the lighting line accounts for about 4% of the input power. The main factors affecting the loss of the lighting line are the power supply mode and the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire. Three-phase four-wire power supply is much smaller than other power supply lines, so the lighting system should use three-phase four-wire power supply as much as possible. Therefore, in the lighting design, only reasonable design of the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire, reasonable power compensation, energy-saving, low-consumption electrical products can achieve the goal of lighting energy saving. 3 5 Strengthen the management of electricity Lighting power-saving management mainly focuses on energy-saving publicity and education and the implementation of lighting power-saving system, so that people can develop the habit of turning off the lights at will; install electricity meters by households and implement metering charges; in addition, charging by time period is also used to reduce lighting. One of the effective means of electricity. 4 green lighting trends 4 1 flexible lighting method The luminaires are free to move, and the lighting angle and luminaire layout can be changed at any time. This versatile lighting fixture is quietly emerging. This kind of lighting can also provide good illumination and visual effects for home lighting. Moreover, this method can be adopted not only in home lighting, but also in various places. 4 2 Wide application of electronic technology At present, electronic technology has been widely used in the field of lighting, indicating that major changes and advances in lighting technology will occur. The electronic components of the lamp can greatly improve the light efficiency of the lamp. For example, the electronic ballast can extend the life of the lamp by 25% in addition to saving electricity. In addition, the development and application of intelligent technology for intelligent lighting and remote lighting dimmers, Achieving the flexibility to adjust the level of illumination by time, location, weather changes and individual needs, thereby further tapping the potential for energy savings from natural light and lighting. 4 3 Light environment research and development of new light sources Illumination takes advantage of the beneficial side of light for humans, but visible and non-visible light also have a non-visual negative impact on humans. This is a topic that is being studied in the lighting industry at home and abroad. For example, the newly emerging cold light source and the low-energy liquid crystal light source that is perfecting the alternative to incandescent lamps and gas discharge lamps are new energy sources for energy saving. 5 Thoughts on energy saving in home lighting in our district 5 1 Actively encourage residents to use electricity reasonably Our district is a region with abundant water resources and a region with insufficient energy resources. 80% of the power generation in the region is hydroelectric power generation, so there is a contradiction in the overuse of electricity in summer and the shortage of electricity in winter. Therefore, a corresponding system should be established, such as the electricity-segment fee collection system, to encourage residents to use more electricity in their homes in the summer, to avoid waste of power resources, and thus indirectly achieve energy-saving purposes. 5 2Intensify research on residential thermal insulation technology in Tibet and accelerate the pace of energy-saving residential construction in Tibet The temperature difference between day and night in Tibet is very large. The temperature difference between the south facing Chaoyang room and the north facing room during the day is also very large. Therefore, the main rooms in the Tibetan area, such as the living room and bedroom, are mostly located in the south. In the south-facing room, the house with high lighting coefficient and good sealing performance does not need heating in the winter. Therefore, the government should vigorously develop and apply solar energy resources, speed up the study of winter insulation technology measures for residential areas in Tibet, accelerate the construction of energy-saving houses in Tibet, and promote insulated houses, so that residents do not need or use less electricity in winter to solve the contradiction of winter electricity shortage. . 5 3 Promote green lighting, energy saving and environmental protection Lighting energy conservation has not been promoted in our district. In the design field, as a designer, we should always keep in mind the design concept of energy saving first, taking into account the comfortable and safe lighting quality, and bring green lighting into thousands of households. 6 conclusion China is now in a stage of rapid development, and all parties face more energy demand. Energy conservation is an important issue facing the society nowadays. Lighting is no exception. 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