Multi-LED proximity sensor system for contactless gesture recognition

In the past decade, human-computer interaction technology has undergone significant changes, greatly enhancing the user interface and intelligent design. Most of these changes focus on high-precision, low-power capacitive touch screens, especially in the mobile phone market. With the advancement of human-machine interface technology and design, infrared proximity sensors are gradually becoming the innovation of the new generation of contactless gesture recognition user interface.

Conventional infrared proximity sensing systems consist of old-fashioned photodetectors and photointerrupters, each of which is triggered based on whether it is moving or interrupted. These proximity sensing solutions are widely used in automatic door control and toilet flushing systems, however these applications are also limited by sensor size, power consumption and configurability. More advanced active proximity sensors bring refreshing features and enhanced experiences to consumer electronics and industrial products. A new generation of infrared sensor products, such as the Silicon Labs Si114x series, are not only smaller, consume less power, but also drive multiple infrared light-emitting diodes ( LEDs ) for advanced multi-dimensional gesture input.

System evolution from single LED to multiple LED

Proximity sensors for single LED drivers have been used in touch-screen phones for many years and have the largest share of the proximity sensor market, but their use is not without problems. For example, although proximity sensors are often used to turn off the touch screen during a cell phone call, eliminating accidental contact with the cheeks, if a web search is found, many end users are not satisfied with the proximity sensor performance in their cell phones. Unexpected call mute, start conference call, and phone hang up. These frequent accidents are caused by proximity sensor operation errors.

Why is a seemingly simple proximity sensing system malfunctioning so frequently? The answer lies in the design and configuration of the sensor, as well as the accompanying mechanical principles. Many infrared proximity sensors are simply the most basic sensors that output raw data based on received signals. These sensors have no built-in intelligence to help distinguish between system noise and actual signals, and they are difficult to operate in high infrared content environments such as daylight or indoors with incandescent light. Moreover, while industrial design is increasingly important in the design of modern electronic systems, these proximity sensors are not suitable for operation under very dark covers that limit the energy of external visible and infrared light reaching the sensor.

The latest generation of proximity sensors, such as Silicon Labs' Si114x series, overcomes the shortcomings of traditional proximity sensor operation. The advanced architecture of the Si114x sensor is shown in Figure 1. It has multiple high-sensitivity photodiodes and a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that can measure open infrared LEDs in less time (25.6ms) than other inductors. . The shorter LED turn-on time allows the sensor to measure and compensate for the intensity of the infrared light in the surrounding environment, better identifying it in actual proximity measurements.

Figure 1: Si114x proximity sensor capable of implementing a multidimensional contactless gesture recognition interface.

Faster measurements also reduce overall system power. Infrared LEDs are close to the power consumers in the system. Minimizing LED turn-on time can effectively reduce overall system power consumption. The 15-level dynamic adjustable LED drive setting allows the LED drive strength to be adjusted to the surrounding infrared conditions, thus saving energy and achieving a more energy efficient design. The LEDs do not need to be set to the maximum power consumption configuration. High-sensitivity photodiodes also allow the sensor to run behind darker glass, so that the electronics are hidden behind the operator interface, making the industrial design cleaner and more stylish.

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