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MS medium is widely used in plant tissue culture due to its balanced composition of inorganic nutrients, which supports the growth of various plant cells. It is particularly effective for inducing callus formation and for culturing embryos, stems, shoot tips, and anthers. The liquid form of MS medium is also commonly used for cell suspension cultures, where it has shown significant success. Unlike some other media, MS contains a higher concentration of nitrates, potassium, and ammonium, making it distinct from B5 or N6 media.
B5 medium, on the other hand, is known for its lower ammonium content, as high levels of ammonium can sometimes inhibit plant growth. While some cultures thrive better on MS, others perform better on B5, depending on the specific plant species and experimental conditions.
N6 medium is especially designed for anther and pollen culture in cereal crops and is widely adopted both domestically and internationally. In addition to these, White (1963) and Nitsch (1951) media are also frequently used in tissue culture. These media share similar base compositions but differ in salt concentrations and nutrient ratios. White medium, with its lower salt content, is more suitable for woody plants.
In drug research and development, several key areas are explored. First, new drug screening involves testing the effectiveness of synthetic chemicals and identifying active compounds in traditional Chinese medicine. Second, vaccine development focuses on creating viral vaccines such as those for hepatitis and AIDS, as well as tumor vaccines like polypeptide-based ones. Third, genetic engineering drugs, such as interferons and growth factors, are developed for therapeutic use. Fourth, cell engineering contributes to the production of bioactive peptides and components like ginsenosides and paclitaxel. Lastly, monoclonal antibodies are prepared for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, playing a critical role in modern medicine.