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How to do the power and signal isolation of the BMS system
In today's rapidly evolving automotive industry, electric vehicles (EVs) are continuously introducing new models. To stand out among the competition, it's essential to focus on the core components that ensure performance and reliability. A high-quality electric vehicle must be equipped with a robust Battery Management System (BMS), which plays a crucial role in maintaining battery health and safety. Within this system, isolated power supplies and isolated CAN transceivers are vital for ensuring electrical safety and reliable communication.
So, what exactly is a BMS? The Battery Management System serves as a critical link between the vehicle's power battery and the overall electric system. Its primary functions include real-time monitoring of battery parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature, along with evaluating battery status, diagnosing faults, and managing battery balancing. But why is the BMS becoming more important than ever?
Electric vehicles rely on large battery packs made up of multiple individual cells connected in series or parallel. Due to manufacturing limitations, these cells may not perform identically, leading to imbalances and potential safety risks. This is where the BMS comes into play—it ensures optimal performance, longevity, and safety by managing the entire battery pack effectively.
The working principle of a BMS involves continuous monitoring of the battery's condition through sensors, analyzing data to determine state-of-charge (SOC), state-of-health (SOH), and other key metrics. It also controls charging and discharging processes, manages thermal conditions, and communicates with other vehicle systems via a CAN bus interface. This real-time communication allows the BMS to coordinate with the vehicle’s master controller, motor controller, and energy management system to ensure safe and efficient operation.
To function effectively, a BMS requires three essential elements: isolation at the power input, reliable communication with the vehicle, and strong protection for the driver. First, the BMS should use an isolated DC-DC power supply to prevent interference between modules. Second, the CAN communication interface must be isolated to handle the harsh electromagnetic environment inside the vehicle. Finally, high-voltage isolation is necessary to protect the low-voltage side of the system, especially since battery packs can reach voltages up to 500VDC—potentially dangerous to human life.
For power isolation, many BMS systems use isolated DC-DC modules like the ZY2405WHB1CS-2W or ZY2405WRBDD-3W, which provide stable and safe power distribution. For higher power needs, 6W modules such as E2412URAD-6W are also commonly used. To further reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), a π-type filter circuit can be added at the input stage.
When it comes to signal isolation, especially for CAN communication, ZLG Zhiyuan Electronics offers the CTM series of isolated CAN transceivers. These devices feature a high isolation voltage of 3500VDC, operate over a wide temperature range, and meet the ISO 11898-2 standard. Their compact DIP-8 package makes them ideal for use in BMS, charging stations, and electric vehicles. With their excellent anti-interference capabilities and reliability, they are widely adopted in modern EV systems.