Explore the future direction of sensors

1. Develop new sensors

The new type of sensor should roughly include: 1 selection of new principles; 2 addition of sensor blanks; 3 bionic sensors and other aspects. They are in contact with each other. The operating mechanism of the sensor is based on various effects and laws, which in turn encourages you to further explore the sensitive utility data with new effects, and develop a new type of physical sensor material with new principles, which is to carry out high-performance, multi-function, The main way to low cost and miniaturized sensors. Tectonic sensors have been developed earlier and are becoming more sophisticated. The tectonic sensor is usually said to have a messy structure, a large volume, and a high price. The physical sensor is roughly the opposite, with many attractive advantages, and it can't be done in the past. All countries in the world have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the research of physical sensors, which makes it a noteworthy development intention. One of the new intentions is to use a low-activity threshold sensor developed by the effects of quantum mechanics to check for weak signals.

2, integrated, multi-functional, intelligent

Sensor integration includes two definitions. One is that multiple components of the same function are side by side, and the same type of single sensing element is placed on the same plane with integration skills, and arranged into a one-dimensional linear sensor, CCD image. The sensor is attributed to this situation. Another definition of integration is multi-functional integration, which integrates sensors with amplification, calculation and temperature compensation to assemble a device.

With the development of integrated skills, various hybrid integrated and monolithic integrated pressure sensors have been presented one after another, and some have become products. The integrated pressure sensors are piezoresistive, capacitive, and the like, and the piezoresistive integrated sensors are fast and widely used.

The multi-functionality of sensors is also one of its development directions. A typical example of multi-functionalization, a single-chip silicon multi-dimensional force sensor developed by a sensor research base in a university in the United States can measure three linear velocities, three centrifugal accelerations (angular velocities) and three angular accelerations together. The main components are a monolithic silicon construction consisting of four cantilever beams that are accurately planned to be mounted on a substrate, and nine piezoresistive sensitive components that are accurately placed on each cantilever beam. Multi-functionalization can not only reduce the production cost, reduce the volume, but also effectively advance the performance indicators such as stability and reliability of the sensor.

Integrating multiple sensing elements with different functions, in addition to measuring a variety of parameters together, can also summarize and evaluate the measurement results of these parameters, reflecting the overall status of the system under test. It can also be seen from the above that integration brings a lot of new opportunities to solid-state sensors, and together it is the foundation of multi-functionality.

The combination of the sensor and the microprocessor makes it not only have the function of inspection, but also has artificial intelligence such as information processing, logic discrimination, self-diagnosis, and "thought", which is called the intelligence of the sensor. With the help of semiconductor integration skills, some sensors are fabricated on the same chip as signal pre-processing circuits, input and output interfaces, microprocessors, etc., which becomes a large-scale integrated smart sensor. It can be said that smart sensors are products that combine sensor skills with large-scale integrated circuit skills. Its implementation will depend on the advancement and development of sensing skills and semiconductor integration skills. These sensors have versatility, high utility, small size, suitable for mass production and easy to use, and can be said to be one of the main directions of the sensor.

3. New data development

Sensor data is the main foundation of sensor skills and is the main support for sensor skill advancement. With the advancement of data science, sensor technology is becoming more sophisticated, and its variety is increasing. In addition to the early use of semiconductor materials and ceramic materials, the development of optical fibers and superconducting materials has provided a material basis for the development of sensors. For example, many semiconductor materials based on silicon are easy to be miniaturized, integrated, multi-functional, and intelligent, and semiconductor photothermal detectors have characteristics of high activity, high precision, and non-touch, and infrared sensors and lasers are developed. Modern sensors such as sensors and fiber optic sensors; in the sensitive guess, ceramic materials and organic materials are developed very quickly. Different formulas can be used to mix the materials. On the basis of finely distributed chemical components, high-precision molding and sintering are used to obtain a certain One or several gases have sensitive information for identifying functions and are used to make new gas sensors. In addition, high-molecular organic sensitive data is a new sensitive material with great potential for use in recent years. It can be made into sensors such as heat sensitive, light sensitive, gas sensitive, moisture sensitive, sensitive, ion sensitive and biosensitive. The continuous development of sensor skills has also facilitated the development of newer materials, such as nanodata. NRC Corporation of the United States has developed a nano ZrO2 gas sensor to control the exhaust of motor vehicle exhaust, which has an excellent effect on the purification environment and has a wide range of perspectives. Because the sensor made of nanometer data has a huge interface, it can supply a lot of gas channels, and the on-resistance is small, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the sensor. With the continuous advancement of scientific skills, more new materials will be born.

4. Selection of new skills

In the development of new sensors, the selection of new skills is inseparable. The significance of the new skills is very broad, and here mainly refers to the micro-machining skills that are particularly close to the development of new sensors. This skill, also known as micromachining skills, has been developed over the years with integrated circuit skills. It is the technology for microelectronic processing such as ion beam, electron beam, molecular beam, laser beam and chemical etching. Used in the field of sensors, such as sputtering, evaporation, plasma etching, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), epitaxy, diffusion, etching, photolithography, etc., so far, many sensors have been selected from the above-mentioned skills. Report.

5, intelligent information

Intelligent data refers to the physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical and other parameters of planning and manipulating data. The development of biological data of birth objects may be superior to the artificial data of biological data. Some people think that the information with the following functions can be called intelligent data: it has the function of adaptive identification for the environment; it has self-diagnosis function; it has self-correcting function; it has self-reinforcing function (or time-based function).

The most prominent feature of biological data is its time-based function, so this sensor characteristic is differential, and it is somewhat sensitive to variation. Conversely, if you are in a certain environment for a long time and are used to it, the degree of activity is reduced. Generally speaking, it can adapt to the environment to regulate its activity. In addition to biological data, the most visible intelligent materials are shape recall alloys, shape recall ceramics and shape recall polymers. The inquiry work of intelligent materials has just begun, and trust will be greatly developed in the near future.

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