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Welding overview of Cr5Mo heat-resistant steel pipe
Cr5Mo heat-resistant steel pipe is typically supplied in the annealed condition. The microstructure of the pipe consists mainly of granular pearlite with a small amount of ferrite. The presence of molybdenum (Mo) in the steel enhances its mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and helps reduce temper brittleness. Chromium (Cr) improves the steel's resistance to high-temperature oxidation and corrosion, making it suitable for use in petroleum cracking processes. It is widely applied in the oil industry as production tubing, heat exchangers, oil cracking tubes, and reheat steam pipes.
Additionally, Cr5Mo steel does not require high-temperature annealing. However, its impact toughness significantly decreases after tempering at 500°C. On the other hand, tempering at 650–700°C does not lead to temper brittleness, allowing it to be used in thermal cracking applications below 800°C. This makes it ideal for components such as pipes, pumps, valves, piston rods, and parts used in high-pressure hydrogenation equipment.
Cr5Mo is a martensitic heat-resistant steel that has a tendency to harden when air-cooled. When cooled at a rate of 1°C/s, the resulting microstructure can consist of approximately 0.1% ferrite and 99.9% martensite. Therefore, special precautions must be taken during welding to prevent cracking. If stainless steel welding rods are used, preheating before welding and slow cooling afterward are essential. If a matching heat-resistant electrode is used, additional post-weld heat treatment should also be performed along with preheating and controlled cooling.
In industrial production, Cr5Mo heat-resistant steel pipes are commonly welded using arc welding techniques. Thin-walled Cr5Mo steel pipes are often joined using this method due to its efficiency and reliability. Proper welding procedures and post-weld treatments are crucial to maintaining the material’s integrity and performance under high-temperature and corrosive conditions.