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Welding overview of Cr5Mo heat-resistant steel pipe
Cr5Mo heat-resistant steel pipe is typically supplied in the annealed condition. The microstructure of the pipe consists mainly of granular pearlite with a small amount of ferrite. The addition of molybdenum (Mo) enhances the mechanical properties of the steel at elevated temperatures and helps reduce its susceptibility to temper embrittlement. Chromium (Cr) improves the steel's high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for use in petroleum cracking processes. It is widely applied in the oil industry as production tubing, heat exchangers, oil cracking tubes, and reheat steam pipes.
Additionally, this steel does not require high-temperature annealing, but its impact toughness decreases significantly after tempering at 500°C. However, tempering between 650–700°C does not lead to temper embrittlement, allowing it to be used in thermal cracking applications below 800°C. It is commonly used for corrosion-resistant piping, pump components, valves, piston rods, and parts of high-pressure hydrogenation equipment.
Cr5Mo is a martensitic heat-resistant steel that tends to harden when cooled. When cooled at a rate of 1°C/s, it can achieve a microstructure consisting of 0.1% ferrite and 99.9% martensite. This makes it prone to cracking during welding, so special precautions must be taken. If stainless steel welding rods are used, preheating before welding and slow cooling afterward are recommended. If a heat-resistant electrode with the same composition is used, additional post-weld heat treatment should also be performed.
In industrial production, Cr5Mo heat-resistant steel pipes are usually welded using arc welding. Thin-walled Cr5Mo steel pipes are often joined using this method as well. Proper welding techniques and post-weld treatments are essential to ensure the integrity and performance of the final product.