Light refers to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between 0. 39 and 0.77 μm which can cause people to experience the angle of view. Light is divided into natural light and artificial light according to the source. Natural light includes sunlight, moonlight, and starlight. In the case of sunlight, the light is difficult to control, and the change in sunlight directly affects the position of the light, and it is also prone to direct glare and indirect glare. The change of rainy weather is different from that of early, middle and late time, and the illuminance will also produce a large change in intensity. At the same time, the sunlight is accompanied by a large amount of ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, which have serious photochemical degradation and destruction effects on the irradiated objects. Artificial light, mainly light, includes artificial light effects such as fireworks, lightning, and clouds projected by special lamps. In the museum exhibition, the main concern is the artificial effect light transformed by the lamps. The objects reflected by the lamps are blurred, clear, ethereal and novel, and the colors of the lights are very rich and can be changed at will. It can be strong, simple, soft and delicate. In short, it has a high degree of controllability and can be changed as needed to create a unique atmosphere. 1 The role of light in exhibitions The modern museum display method uses a spatial combination process—reconstructing the exhibit information and research results into a display script based on the visitor's vision. In this process, light connects people and exhibits. Light is the only perspective factor that calibrates the existence of an exhibit. Only by means of light can the exhibit be displayed to visitors. The use of reasonable lighting for lighting is precisely the premise to ensure the realization of this element. Only by designing, selecting and using reasonable lamps to collect light can the purpose of museum display be achieved and realized. Therefore, the use of reasonable and advanced lighting for lighting is the key to the modern museum's ability to display. Using the relationship between light and light-receiving body, combining aesthetics and human function, designing and installing lamps with reasonable lighting for lighting, so that light, matter and human are organically combined, interacting and interacting with each other to form a harmonious A stable system. Through the light, the objects are displayed to the people--visitors, people--design users, according to the objects--displays, the characteristics of the display space, the design and installation of the most reasonable lamps for lighting, in order to display things (exhibits The real artistic features such as shape, color, texture, lines and mechanism can be displayed to create a harmonious display space. Under the illumination of such lamps, people can make a deep impression and make the museum display. It is more infectious and makes people enjoy the beauty in the process of visiting. The lamps used in modern museum lighting mainly include: fluorescent lamps, incandescent lamps, spotlight lamps, slide lamps, astigmatism lamps, lightning effects, and the like. Artificial lighting is the main means of display art application, and it is easy to achieve the coordination between the exhibition atmosphere, the environment and the overall artistic effect. It also facilitates the control of shading, highlights the theme, and attracts the attention of the audience. Artificial lighting can also be used in the display case, and in this way, the damage of the natural light to the cultural relics can be reduced. In the half-view hall of our museum, a large number of stage lamps were used to make full use of the effects of sound, light and electricity to reproduce the horrific history of the "Hailan bubble massacre" made by the Russian military and police in Hailanbu in 1900. The picture, using audiovisual techniques, truly reproduces the tragedy of the history of the year, deepens the impression of the audience and enhances the appeal. 2 The influence of lighting on the exhibition artifacts In the museum exhibition, the light actually plays the role of an important medium to convey the artistic effect of the exhibits, and is one of the indispensable elements in the entire exhibition display. In addition to using it to reflect the best visual effects, the design, installation and use personnel should also fully respect the particularity of the museum's cultural relics exhibition site, that is, the lighting selection of the lamps must be premised on the protection of cultural relics. As everyone knows, the cultural relics are extremely demanding on the lighting of lamps. The causes of damage to exhibits are concentrated on radiation, temperature, humidity, and air pollution. The luminescence and thermal effects of lamps and auxiliary equipment affect the collection of cultural relics. Excessive infrared and ultraviolet radiation also affect the preservation of cultural relics. This is especially destructive for such cultural relics such as paper painting, leather, textiles and wood products. . In some small-scale local museums, due to the lack of sufficient attention to the lighting destructiveness of the lamps, the maintenance and maintenance of the lamps are not too concerned, resulting in premature aging of the lines and fire hazards. In addition, some museums unilaterally emphasize the illuminance of the exhibition or the use of high-infrared incandescent lamps without any filtering measures, or put the exhibits close to the heating lamps or appliances. What's more, in order to save money, the exhibits are exposed to the natural light of strong ultraviolet radiation, and these precious cultural relics are allowed to fade or deteriorate until they are damaged. 3 Types of lamps used in museum exhibitions, selection principles and protective measures for radiation exhibits 311 Types of lamps used With the vigorous development of the museum industry in China, people pay more and more attention to the management of cultural relics collection, and the awareness of scientific protection has been greatly improved. Coupled with a certain number of museums with certain economic strength, therefore, in the practice of exhibitions, the lamps The selection, design, installation and use are also advancing with the times and constantly innovating. The premise of designing, installing and using lamps for lighting is based on the familiarity. Now we will introduce the following lamps and different performances used in the half-painting gallery and exhibition hall of our museum.
(1) Slide lights. The WXP6 turntable slide is composed of a light source, a condensing mirror and an objective lens. The use of the unit to produce transparent original film (glass film, film or plexiglass), draw a variety of patterns and insert a fixed film that fits the pattern, which can project active clouds, fireworks and water on the stage canopy. When the waves and other images are used for performances or exhibitions, the projection slides can add a plot atmosphere and highlight the artistic effects. It has the advantages of long service life and convenient maintenance. The disadvantages are large volume, high operating cost, large heat generation and high initial cost. The basic parameters and optical properties are shown in Table 1.
