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Qualcomm Hou Jilei: AI will be like water everywhere when unmanned commercial
Cui Yuxian/wen
If you say that downloading a 2GB movie takes about four minutes in the 4G era, in the 5G era, you might be able to download 10 to 20 such movies in just one second. Of course, 5G offers much more than just faster speeds. It also brings lower latency, greater network capacity, and can drive the hottest trend of "artificial intelligence." Qualcomm's senior R&D director and head of China’s R&D center, Hou Jilei, believes that 5G will play a critical role as a powerful engine in the development of AI. Among its many benefits, the low latency and high reliability of 5G will push the advancement of driverless technology, making it available everywhere and always accessible.
When discussing AI applications, Dr. Hou pointed out the concept of "four quadrants": the horizontal axis represents the number and the physical world, while the vertical axis represents tasks ranging from non-critical to mission-critical. AI might initially be applied to non-critical tasks within digital categories, such as personalized recommendations on e-commerce platforms. Regarding the exciting field of "autonomous driving," Dr. Hou believes that many social and regulatory issues need to be addressed. If self-driving cars can achieve large-scale commercial use, AI will become as widespread as water, flourishing and developing in many different environments.
The acceleration of 5G commercialization strengthens China's leading position.
Compared to the 4G era, 5G provides people with more imagination. In the 5G era, the Internet of Things will become a reality. By then, perhaps even sand will have its own IP address. For ordinary consumers, what changes can they expect from 5G? Dr. Hou Ji Lei, senior R&D director of Qualcomm and head of China R&D Center, summarized the changes into three aspects: First, the mobile broadband connection brought by 5G can bring two important experiences to consumers: one is virtual reality, and the other is high-speed and stable remote online communication. Second, in the field of AI, 5G can provide low latency and high reliability, thus driving the high-level application of driverless technology to be "anytime, anywhere." Finally, the massive Internet of Things will promote the popularity of smart homes and smart living in the future.
Different from the previous ones—where the 3G and 4G eras had inconsistent standards—the world has reached a consensus on using a single standard for 5G. Although the 5G standard is still under development, operators have already begun taking steps toward 5G. Shang Bing, chairman of China Mobile, clearly stated, "We must accelerate the development of 5G. We will conduct field tests in five cities this year and start in 2018. Scale trials will begin in 2019, and commercial-scale operations will start in 2020."
Dr. Hou Jilei also mentioned that although the 5G standard is still in development, the time for commercialization is not far away. Globally, by 2019, many leading U.S., Japanese, and South Korean operators will realize the commercialization of 5G. In China, by 2019, the three major operators will begin large-scale commercial trials.
"The industry once joked that the scale of commercial trials in China is comparable to the scale of commercial use in South Korea and the United States, and may even surpass them. This year is already 2017, and there are still two years until the commercialization of 5G, so time is pressing," Dr. Hou emphasized.
It is understood that Qualcomm has been conducting research and development in the field of radio frequency and commercialization three to five years ago to help with the future commercialization of 5G. These strategic arrangements include early cooperation with some Israeli companies and subsequent acquisitions of these companies.
In addition, Qualcomm has also been listed as the primary partner of cooperation with Chinese operators. "Qualcomm will conduct the first priority large-scale docking test with Chinese operators globally, and will discuss the commercial deployment of 5G with Chinese operators. In this process, Qualcomm will cooperate with all parties in China's 5G industry chain, and Qualcomm places great emphasis on cooperation with China's industrial chain to help China succeed in the field of 5G commercialization," said Dr. Hou Ji Lei.
5G: The Engine for AI Development
When talking about the changes that 5G brings to users, Dr. Hou pointed to artificial intelligence. He believes that 5G provides a ubiquitous, powerful, and secure connection for many infrastructures and between people and people. With such connectivity capabilities, artificial intelligence will migrate from the network side to the terminal side, and many commercialization and user experience requirements will arise. It can be said that the development of 5G will have a very powerful engine effect on artificial intelligence.
In the future, artificial intelligence will emerge as an emerging technology on the application side, including robotics (intelligent personal assistants), driverless cars, medical, and financial fields. But in what areas will artificial intelligence come to the fore?
Dr. Hou introduced the order of artificial intelligence landing in four quadrants. If the application of artificial intelligence is divided into four quadrants, the horizontal axis represents the number and the physical world, and the vertical axis represents the tasks from non-critical tasks to mission-critical tasks. Today, artificial intelligence has been commercialized and formed a direct application of digital non-critical tasks for business models, such as personalized recommendations for different consumers on e-commerce platforms.
In addition, the application of artificial intelligence has two development directions: one direction is the non-critical task of the physical world. A typical example in this direction is a sweeping robot, because even if the sweeping robot goes in the wrong place and hits your feet or pet's excrement, it will not cause catastrophic consequences. The other direction is the key task in the digital field. This direction is reflected in two important areas, one is medical care and the other is finance. Because these two industries have high requirements for accuracy, the accuracy of the data will have a direct impact on human life safety and investment management.
For the most exciting "driverless" field, Dr. Hou believes there are still many social and regulatory issues that need to be addressed. If unmanned vehicles can achieve large-scale commercial use, artificial intelligence will be as ubiquitous as water, gaining popularity and development in many different environments.
The following is an interview with NetEase Science and Technology Co., Ltd.: Senior Director of R&D, Qualcomm, and Director of the China R&D Center, Dr. Hou Ji Lei:
NetEase: There is a lot of discussion about 5G, and the 5G standard is being developed. As media, we know that many consumers are more concerned about what changes 5G will bring to their lives. Can you talk about the changes that 5G will bring to social life from the consumer side?
Hou Jilei: This topic is very good. From a technical perspective, 5G features faster, higher and shorter latency. However, consumers and ordinary people will mainly feel the changes that 5G brings to daily life from the following three aspects:
First, the mobile broadband connection brought by 5G can bring two kinds of more important experiences to consumers: one is virtual reality, and the other is high-speed and clear remote online. To give a simple example, if one of my friends went to Beijing to watch the Guo'an team's game, he could use a VR device to take a 360-degree panoramic view of the live game, and then pass the low-latency 5G technology to transfer the game scene to the real-time. Friends who are not on the scene, such as me. In this way, I can feel the environment and atmosphere of the game immersively, and this kind of experience cannot be provided by 3G and 4G technologies.
Second, artificial intelligence. One of my important speech topics today is driverless or autonomous driving. 5G can bring low latency on the connection and availability of high reliability, thus driving unmanned high-level applications such as “anywhere, anytimeâ€.
Third, massive Internet of things. In the future, smart homes and smart life will be popularized. Household refrigerators, washing machines and other devices will be equipped with sensors. These sensors need to communicate with the outside in real time. But many times, these sensors have low cost and low power consumption. However, China's building walls are made of reinforced concrete and have poor penetration. This requires a strong penetration of the honeycomb connection and achieves deep coverage. The 5G connection is strongly supported in the above three applications.
NetEase: The 5G standard setting is different from 3G or 4G. There are many standards in the 3G and 4G eras, but in the era of 5G, there can only be one standard in the world. How does Qualcomm play a role in the development of 5G standards?
Hou Jilei: There are three standards in the 3G era. Although there is only one standard in the 4G era, there are still two different modes or systems in the industry. In contrast, after entering the 5G era, no matter whether it is the United States, China or the European industrial community, they have reached a consensus that a single 5G standard will be applicable to the 5G industry in terms of user scenarios and the effectiveness of the ecological chain. The future development has a crucial impact. Everyone traditionally thinks that Qualcomm is a wireless semiconductor company and pays more attention to the commercial chips of mobile terminals. In fact, we define ourselves as an end-to-end wireless technology company. This definition makes Qualcomm’s vision breakthrough the terminal level and form an end-to-end solving ability. The so-called end-to-end refers to the formation of complete solution capabilities from mobile phones to base stations and mobile phones to the network side. From the standard point of view, this will form a strong influence and radiation force. Therefore, when communicating with operators and equipment manufacturers, Qualcomm not only needs to meet the needs of equipment vendors, but also defines the previously mentioned user scenarios. This requires an end-to-end solution. By interacting with equipment manufacturers and operators to develop solutions that lead and integrate, Qualcomm can expand its horizons and create a sense of mission. This sense of mission is to promote the development of a single 5G standard and prevent the division of standards. With strong driving force, Qualcomm can lead the industry forward at a relatively rapid pace.
NetEase: Everyone says that 5G is the future development trend. Apart from participating in the formulation of 5G standards, what other measures does Qualcomm have in terms of 5G?
Houli Hou: First of all, in terms of overall layout, Qualcomm focuses on the innovation and R&D of basic technologies. More than a decade ago, Qualcomm had made early investments in key technology areas of 5G. For example, a very important root technology of 5G is channel coding, especially for the LDPC coding. As early as ten years ago, Qualcomm was conducting pioneering technology research and development.
In addition, the performance of 5G is different from that of 3G and 4G. The 3G and 4G application frequency bands are limited to the range of 1-3G hertz. The spectral range of 5G is very broad, from 600-700M to 60-70G Hz. RF's R&D and commercial capabilities are important keys to promote the commercialization of 5G in the future, especially the development of ultra-high bandwidth and ultra-high speed.
So, probably starting from three to five years ago, Qualcomm has been conducting research and development in the field of radio frequency and commercialization. These arrangements include early cooperation with some companies in Israel and the subsequent acquisition of these companies. The reason for this layout is because Qualcomm judges that these companies will become important pioneers in the early layout of the 5G field.
Third, although the 5G standard is currently still in development, the time for commercialization is not far behind us. Globally, around 2019, many US, Japanese, and South Korean operators will implement 5G commercial applications. In China, by 2019, all three major operators will begin large-scale commercial trials. The industry once joked that the scale of China's commercial trials is comparable to that of South Korea and the United States, and may even be far more than they are. From this we can see that from the perspective of the industrialization of 5G, China is at the forefront of the world. This year is already 2017, and there are still two years before the commercialization of 5G. The time is very urgent. In addition, in the era of 5G, China's operators have become Qualcomm's primary partners, including Chinese equipment manufacturers such as China Mobile and ZTE. Qualcomm will conduct first-level large-scale docking trials with Chinese operators at the first time in the world, and will discuss the deployment of 5G commercial solutions with Chinese operators. In this process, Qualcomm will engage in many commercial deployments of various parties in China's 5G industry chain, and Qualcomm attaches great importance to China's industrial chain cooperation to help China's future success in the area of 5G commercialization.
NetEase: If 5G technology is applied in the field of artificial intelligence, some applications will be formed, such as driverless technology. Can you expand and discuss how 5G will play a role in the development of artificial intelligence?
Hou Jilei: From the roots, 5G provides a ubiquitous, powerful, and secure connection for many infrastructures and between people and people. With such connectivity capabilities, artificial intelligence will migrate from the network side to the terminal side, resulting in a lot of commercialization and user experience requirements. An important technical feature of 5G is low latency. If the reliability and effectiveness of the connection can be guaranteed under low latency, the boundary from the network side to the terminal side will be blurred. In this way, in different vertical domains, depending on the business model and the different requirements for security configuration, artificial intelligence can be very flexible at the demarcation points of the entire industry chain, on the terminal side, or on the cloud. Because if the connection is not realized, the data can only be stored on the cloud or the terminal side; if the connection delay becomes very low, the boundary between the cloud and the terminal side becomes relatively blurred, and the artificial intelligence between the cloud and the terminal needs to be defined. It is determined based on the terminal's computing power and power consumption performance. This is exactly what Qualcomm is doing better. In many cases, compared to the cloud, the terminal side can often provide better protection for data security. Therefore, for some applications that have high requirements for data privacy and security, doing more powerful artificial intelligence on the terminal side becomes a better choice and has a stronger driving force. Sometimes, some terminal-side applications do not have a strong demand and can be migrated to the cloud. If the delay is relatively low, even if many applications are migrated to the cloud, the application's ability to render on the terminal and the corresponding user experience will not be affected. It can be said that the low latency performance of 5G is a strong guarantee for future artificial intelligence.
NetEase: In the era of 5G, where will artificial intelligence first be deployed? Is driverlessness the top priority?
Hou Jilei: Not necessarily. If the artificial intelligence application is drawn into four quadrants, the horizontal axis represents the numbers and the physical world, and the vertical axis represents the tasks from non-critical tasks to mission-critical tasks. Nowadays, the field where artificial intelligence has been commercialized and formed into direct applications is a non-critical task for digital categories generated by business models. For example, for e-commerce recommendation, even if the recommendation is wrong, it is not very important, because from a percentage point of view, as long as the overall data reflects the trend of a certain degree of effectiveness, it will help e-commerce data summary and improve user experience, this application is useful. At present, the quadrant of the non-critical tasks of the digital class has been commercialized.
These four quadrants generally have two directions of development: one is a non-critical task, but belongs to the physical world. For example, sweeping robots belong to the non-critical task of the physical world, because even if the sweeping robot takes the wrong place and hits your feet or the pet's excrement, it will not cause disastrous consequences. If these artificial intelligence solutions can be applied, the experience of artificial intelligence homes and society will be improved. Service robots, especially sweepers or toy robots, fall in this direction. The other direction is the key task, but it still belongs to the digital domain. This direction is reflected in two important areas, one is medical care, and the other is finance. Because these two industries have relatively high requirements for accuracy, the accuracy of the data has a direct impact on human life safety and investment management.
There are many speech topics today that talk about artificial intelligence driving, and many manufacturers say that I can achieve smart driving in the realm of reality and commercialization, but to make this technology really come true, many social and regulatory issues need to be solved, such as how from a psychological point of view, people get their hands off the steering wheel. From this point of view, the road to smart driving is still relatively long. On the one hand, because this is a key task, it directly affects personal safety; on the other hand, smart driving is the presentation of the physical world, and it is more important for the ecological chain and the entire industrial chain. With high demands and dependencies, many aspects need to be implemented step by step, for example, how to get people to accept unregulated driving from the regulations.
When I talked with my friends, I mentioned that if unmanned vehicles can be commercialized on a large scale, artificial intelligence can be as ubiquitous as water, and it is popularized and developed in many environments.
NetEase: So artificial intelligence landing more in accordance with these four quadrants to achieve?
Hou Jilei: Yes, we are now in the third quadrant. We will develop in the second and fourth quadrants in the future and finally reach the first quadrant. This is my personal opinion.
NetEase: Artificial intelligence is very hot now, but at the same time there is also a problem that is a shortage of talent. For example, Tencent deliberately set up an artificial intelligence laboratory in Seattle to make it easier to dig Microsoft's talent. In your opinion, what areas of artificial intelligence are less talented? How does Qualcomm accumulate and form artificial intelligence talents?
Hou Jilei: There are two types of artificial intelligence talents that are relatively scarce: the first is talents and scientists who are original and driven by strong curiosity. In the field of artificial intelligence, it is not the ultimate goal that can be achieved step by step like cultivated land. From the quantitative point of view, this kind of talent is indeed lacking, but to solve or extend to the real new artificial intelligence field, the most scarce one is not such talented person. For artificial intelligence research and development, the most important is those who have divergent thinking, are driven by curiosity, and are willing to solve the 0 to 1 problem. The second is cross-cutting talent. When Qualcomm internal personnel communicated with the outside world, it was found that regardless of whether artificial intelligence is a technology or an industry's development direction, the ultimate goal is not only to form a business model, but to achieve the vertical field. As an enabling technology, artificial intelligence will encourage these vertical areas to create new experiences or improve efficiency, such as mobile phones, unmanned vehicles, and other applications. In this process, some people focus on their own research, and some people pay more attention to the vertical market. For Qualcomm, what we need is cross talent. They understand what the characteristics of the vertical field are. They also know where the advantages of artificial intelligence are. And how can they make artificial intelligence work better in the business environment? The role of technology. Therefore, compound talents are very important.
In addition, Qualcomm is one of the world's largest chip companies and the world's largest company in terms of mobile and IoT. Therefore, artificial intelligence is an important strategic development direction of Qualcomm. From the perspective of human input and technology development, Qualcomm has a very strong drive and will drive more talents into it. In the future, Qualcomm will provide better support for the development of the entire industry chain.